<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=1">Scanvac 1 N E W S L E T T E R SCANVAC - SCANDINAVI</a> AN FEDERATION OF HEATING, VENTILATION AND SANITARY ENGINEERING ASSOCIATIONS IN DENMARK, FINLAND, ICELAND, NORWAY AND SWEDEN 2/2008 SWEDVAC CELEBRATES CENTENARY! 2009 is an eventful year for Swedvac, the Swedish HVAC association. The organisation celebrates its centenary and will at the same time change its Swedish name “VVS Tekniska Föreningen” to “Energi & Miljötekniska Föreningen”, in English “energy and environmental engineering association”. The international name, Swedvac, will remain the same.The organisation also hosts the international conference on thermal energy storage, Effstock 2009, in June. H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf is patron of the conference, which gathers experts from all around the world in Stockholm. On June 16th the celebrations culminate with a grand gala dinner at the Stockholm City Hall. It is a gala dinner that joins the two events – the centenary and the international con-ference.
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=2">Scanvac Sida 2 contents 2 3 6 N E W S L E T T E R </a> Editor: Signhild Gehlin Layout: Anne Strömer SWEDVAC Vasagatan 52 SE-111 20 Stockholm, Sweden Tel: 46 8 791 66 80 Fax: 46 8 660 39 44 E-mail gehlin@siki.se www.scanvac.net Deadlines: 1 April and 1 November ISSN 0804-0745 There is no copyright on Scanvac Newsletter 7 Swedvac celebrates Centenary Cold Climate conference in Greenland Energy Performance in Buildings directivehas been implemented in the Nordic countries Good Hygiene is Important for a Good Indoor Climate Press items Finnish national HVAC-engineering student competition 2008 Computational Fluid Dynamics in Ventilation - a new REHVA Guidebook Institute of building Services Technology Doctorate Theses Awards HVAC Calender SCANVAC 2/2008 9 11 Cold climate conference in Greenland His Royal Highness Danish Crown Prince Frederik patron of the conference “Cold Climate HVAC 2009” to be held 16-19 March 2009 in Sisimiut, Green- land. THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Cold Climate - Heating, Ven- tilating and Air- Conditioning will be held in Sisimiut, Greenland on 16-19 March, 2009. The 2009 event, at what is certainly the coldest and most remote location to date, is organized by Scanvac and Danvak, running the conference secretariat. President of the conference is the chairman of IDA Danvak Bent Michael Nielsen. It is his vision of holding an international conference in the coldest part of the kingdom of Denmark that led him to persuade Scanvac, which arranges this series of conferences, to locate the next conference in Greenland. The themes of the conference covers both traditional topics and rapidly developing technical topics like “HVAC and facility management” and “Cold climate building envelopes and moisture management”, as well as topics particularly related to cold climate, such as “Energy and sustainability in arctic environments” and “Challenges for remote areas” which will deal with energy and the availability of resources. The planning of the conference is being undertaken with the participation of local people, such as the chairman of the home rule government Hans Enoksen, and that of leading scientists in the HVAC field. His Royal Highness Crown Prince Frederik, heir to the Danish throne and one of the very few people to have completed the weeks-long dog-sled journey known as the Sirius Patrol that “beats the bounds” of the kingdom along the virtually uninhabited shore of East Greenland, is an enthusiastic patron of the conference. For more information about the conference, please see the conference web page: www.coldclimate2009.dk Important dates Deadline for abstracts 1 July 2008 Deadline for papers 1 November2008 Final program 15 January 2009 Cold Climate HVAC 16-19 March 2009 . 4 1 5 8 12 contents 2 3 6 N E W S L E T T E R Editor: Signhild Gehlin Layout: Anne Strömer SWEDVAC Vasagatan 52 SE-111 20 Stockholm, Sweden Tel: 46 8 791 66 80 Fax: 46 8 660 39 44 E-mail gehlin@siki.se www.scanvac.net Deadlines: 1 April and 1 November ISSN 0804-0745 There is no copyright on Scanvac Newsletter 7 Swedvac celebrates Centenary Cold Climate conference in Greenland Energy Performance in Buildings directivehas been implemented in the Nordic countries Good Hygiene is Important for a Good Indoor Climate Press items Finnish national HVAC-engineering student competition 2008 Computational Fluid Dynamics in Ventilation - a new REHVA Guidebook Institute of building Services Technology Doctorate Theses Awards HVAC Calender SCANVAC 2/2008 9 11 Cold climate conference in Greenland His Royal Highness Danish Crown Prince Frederik patron of the conference “Cold Climate HVAC 2009” to be held 16-19 March 2009 in Sisimiut, Green- land. THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Cold Climate - Heating, Ven- tilating and Air- Conditioning will be held in Sisimiut, Greenland on 16-19 March, 2009. The 2009 event, at what is certainly the coldest and most remote location to date, is organized by Scanvac and Danvak, running the conference secretariat. President of the conference is the chairman of IDA Danvak Bent Michael Nielsen. It is his vision of holding an international conference in the coldest part of the kingdom of Denmark that led him to persuade Scanvac, which arranges this series of conferences, to locate the next conference in Greenland. The themes of the conference covers both traditional topics and rapidly developing technical topics like “HVAC and facility management” and “Cold climate building envelopes and moisture management”, as well as topics particularly related to cold climate, such as “Energy and sustainability in arctic environments” and “Challenges for remote areas” which will deal with energy and the availability of resources. The planning of the conference is being undertaken with the participation of local people, such as the chairman of the home rule government Hans Enoksen, and that of leading scientists in the HVAC field. His Royal Highness Crown Prince Frederik, heir to the Danish throne and one of the very few people to have completed the weeks-long dog-sled journey known as the Sirius Patrol that “beats the bounds” of the kingdom along the virtually uninhabited shore of East Greenland, is an enthusiastic patron of the conference. For more information about the conference, please see the conference web page: www.coldclimate2009.dk Important dates Deadline for abstracts 1 July 2008 Deadline for papers 1 November2008 Final program 15 January 2009 Cold Climate HVAC 16-19 March 2009 . 4 1 5 8 12
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=3">Scanvac Sida 3 EUROPEAN UNION IS committed to redu</a> cing the carbon dioxide emissions in order to limit the effects of global warming. The European Commission’s Action Plan for Energy Efficiency identifies energy efficiency in the building sector as top priority. The savings potential in the building sector is estimated at 28%, which in turn can reduce the total EU final energy use by around 11%. The key tool for achieving these savings is the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, EPBD. The directive is considered a very important legislative component of energy efficiency activities of the European Union is designed to meet the Kyoto commitment and respond to issues raised in the Green Paper on energy supply security. The Directive 2002/91/EC (EPBD, 2003) of the European Parliament and Council on energy efficiency of buildings was adopted, after a lively discussion at all levels and with overwhelming support from Member States and the European Parliament, on 16th December 2002 and came into force on 4th January 2003. The member states of the Eu- ropean union were supposed to implement the contents of the directive into their own legislation within three years. Implementation work almost comple- ted in the Nordic Countries Denmark was the first Nordic country to im- plement the EPBD. Denmark has for many years had fairly strict energy requirements in the building regulations, obligatory label- ling scheme for buildings and obligatory inspection scheme for boilers. Denmark has as of January 1st, 2006 tightened the energy requirements in the building regulations further and developed new labelling and inspection schemes. Sweden implemented the EPBD directive via the national law SFS 2006:985 that came into force on October 1st 2006. The Government has also adopted the ordinance SFS 2006:1592 that, together with the old law SFS 1994:547 on essential requirements on construction works, complete the full transposition of the EPBD into national law. Certification of new buildings started in September 2007 and by the end of June 2008 about 8100 certificates have already been issued by qualified experts, but it becomes mandatory only after January 1, 2009. Finland has also adopted appropriate measures to implement the directive into national law. On 13 April 2007, the Fin- nish Parliament approved new legislation regulating the energy efficiency of buildings. This legislation transposes Articles 3–10 of the EPBD into national legislation. The new legislation consists of a revision of the Land Use and Building Act and two new acts: m the Act on Energy Certification of Buildings (487/2007) m the Act on Inspection of Aircond- tioning Systems (489/2007) The existing building regulations given in the National Building Code of Finland under the Land Use and Building Act were amended in order to comply with the directive. These building regulations deal with the calculation methodology and the minimum energy per- formance requirements, thus implementing Articles 3–5 of the EPBD. The Decree on Energy Certification of Buildings (765/2007), covering the details of energy certification, was issued in June 2007 and came into force on 1 January 2008. The certification of new buildings started at the beginning of 2008. For existing buildings, the certification will start at the beginning of 2009. The certificate is vo- luntary for existing buildings Energy Performance in Buildings Directive has been implemented in the Nordic countries consisting of no more than six homes. As a part of the European Economic Area, the EPBD has also been implemented in Norway. On 01.02.2007 the Government of Norway introduced a new set of energy requirements in the National Building Code. There is a transition period of 2.5 years where the new requirements will exist along- side the old requirements. On 18.06.2007, the Government of Norway presented a proposal for changes to the Energy Act for public inquiry. The Government plans to implement the revised changes to the Energy Act later in 2008. More information available on web The implementation of the EPBD has been completed in all EU member countries. Countries have chosen quite different ap- proaches in meeting the requirements of the directive. All countries have reported the status of the implementation, and these reports are available at www.buildingsplat- form.eu website. The site contains lots of interesting information about the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and it’s implementation. Jorma Säteri Excecutive Manager Finnish Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=4">Scanvac Sida 4 SCANVAC 2/2008 FROM THE BEGINNING o</a> f 2006 Germa- ny introduced the requirement of observance of the norm VDI 6022 for ventilation units – a norm that is to secure optimal con-ditions of hygiene for ventilation systems and thus also for ventilation units. Therefore Exhausto decided that all units for both cooling and heat recovery were to be certified according to this norm and that the independent in- stitute ILH Berlin (Institut für Lufthygiene) was to do the certification. To a high degree the observance of VDI 6022 contributes to securing a good in- door climate as the norm brings into focus that ventilation products should be easy to keep clean in order to reduce the risk of bacteria growth in dirt, insects and similar (see figure 1). ILH Berlin specializes in counselling regar- ding hygiene in ventilation plants and the institute soon turned out to be a good part- ner to solve this task. Thus ILH forwarded a check list of no less than 545 points that needed to be specified with regard to the construction of the units. The list had to be commented on before an actual examination of the products could be initiated. ILH supported the process of certifica- tion actively by giving counselling about the points on the list that had not been fulfilled the first time round. The whole process has required quite some modifications construction-wise and in that respect our cooperation with ILH Berlin has proven to be extremely valu-able. Further- more we had to document that it was possible to carry out an effi-cient cleaning in practice. The counter-flow heat exchangers of the VEX300 range might present a problem. In that particular case we had to shoot a video film of cleaning done by means of high pres- sure cleaner and as it appears from figure 4 this method is highly efficient. The picture clearly shows that it is possible to flush th- rough the counter-flow heat exchanger by means of a high pressure cleaner. The further perspective At Exhausto we are convinced that the requirements of improved hygiene in ven- tilation plants will spread to Scandinavia among other places, as good hygiene plays an essential part in securing a good indoor climate. Therefore it is to be ex-pected that requirements like VDI 6022 will be a possi- bility. Consequently the work of certifiying the heat recovery and cooling units has a perspective that reaches beyond Germany. Henning Groenbaek Exhausto FACTS BOX 1: VDI 6022 „Hygiene-Anforderungen an Raumlufttechnische Anlagen und Geräte“: The guidelines VDI 6022 apply to all ventilation technical plants and units supply-ing rooms or zones where people are staying for more than 30 days a year or more than 2 hours a day on a regular basis. They apply to all types of plants com-plete with central and decentral components. FACTS BOX 2: ILH Berlin: The Institute for air hygiene (ILH) is a cross-disciplinary research institute where experienced researchers cooperate within the ields of ventilation technique, envi-ronmental technique, medicine, hygiene, biology, and micro- biology. These ields were gathered in an independent institute and separated from the universities of Berlin in 1995. Since then ILH Berlin, in its capacity of independent institute, has done research in hygiene problems related to ventilation plants. 4 Good Hygiene is Important for a Good Indoor Climate!
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=5">Scanvac Sida 5 SCANVAC 2/20085 Good Hygiene is Imp</a> ortant for a Good Indoor Climate! SWEDEN Effstock 2009 - The 11th International Conference on Energy Storage – arranged in Stockholm June 14-17th 2009, and hosted by Swedvac, has received close to 200 abstracts and will gather the world’s leading specialists, researchers, developers, technicians, engineers and architects within the field of energy efficiency through energy storage. It is a cost-effective and eco- friendly technology and existing applications as well as future developments will be demonstrated at the conference. NORWAY Refrigeration scientists at the norwegian sience centers SINTEF and NTNU have been honoured by an award from the Interna- tional Energy Agency (IEA) for their contribution to solving the greenhouse problems caused by leaking refrigeration systems and heat pumps. DENMARK DTU Nanotech and Danfoss have started a project investigating the possibility of making a multi sensor for indoor climate. At first the wish is to measure temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide, but in time this might be expanded to include carbon monoxide, ammonia, formaldehyde and volatile organic com- pounds, VOC’s. The sensor could be used in air conditioning systems and automobile ventilation. Today sensors for indoor climate are made using macroscale components or in best case multiple microscale components, but with this sensor all components will be integrated in one sensor. This will minimize production costs and component size, and make it affordable for private consumers. Press items FIGURE 2: Unit before adaptation to the requirements of VDI 6022 FIGURE 1: After a warm summer you will often see dead insects in a ventilation unit FIGURE 4: Counter-flow heat exchanger is clea- ned by means of a high pressure clea- ner FIGURE 3: After adaptation to VDI 6022 the unit is much more cleaning- friendly
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=6">Scanvac Sida 6 SCANVAC 2 /20086 At the Finnish nat</a> ional HVAC–engi- neering student competition in April, students from all except one engine- ering schools at different levels provi- ding HVAC study programmes were represented. THE COMBINED ORGANIZING commit- tee and panel of judges of the competition consisted of teacher representatives of each university and representatives of sponsoring organizations; Finnish Association of Mecha- nical Building Services Industries (FAMBSI) and foundation L.V.Y. and as secretary repre- sentative from the Technical Committee of the Finnish association of HVAC Societies (SULVI). Chairman of the committee was Professor Kai Sirén from Helsinki University of Technology. The historical first competition was organized a year earlier inspired by the Rehva-student competition held at the Clima Conference in Helsinki. The competition was then based on theses by individual students. From the beginning the target of the organizing com- mittee has been to establish a permanent opp- ortunity for becoming experts to introduce them to the HVAC Business Halton Oy hosted this year’s competition and the competition took place at the research centre of Halton Oy in Kausala. Each university had pre-selected a 4-person ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Finnish national HVAC – engineering student competition 2008 undergraduate team to present them in the competition. An interesting aspect in the com- petition was that all the teams were competing in the same category. The competition tasks were made under time pressure, the teams had one hour to complete each individual task, which created additional pressure and necessitated teams to be proactive and to be able to share work – this was especially true in laboratory task. The tasks consisted of: w Laboratory work: Halton Adaptable Chilled Beam Solution w FISE qualiication test questionnaires used for designer certiication. w Heating network dimensioning w Dimensioning of a heat exchanger The competition was very even. The results were as follows: 1. MAMK; Team: Esa Lindroos, Tee- mu Ryhänen, Mika Eloranta, Jussi Lindroos 2. OAMK; Mäenpää Timo,Uusitalo Markku,Pihlajaniemi Janne, Yli-Hukka Erkki 3. TKK; Niina Kaartinen, Sari Mäkinen, Hannu Repola, Niklas Söderholm Other teams at positions 4-6 (not in order) were: EVTEK: Matti Laukka, Timo Torkkeli, Peter Malmström, Eero Lukkarinen SAMK: Laine Juha, Jokinen Liisa, Nuora Harri, Tervaportti Mikko TUT: Kristiina Heinonen, Petri Pylsy, Ilkka Utriainen, Maija Varheenmaa Kim Hagström Chair of the Technical Committee of SULVI: Secretary of the Student Competition Organizing Commit- tee The winning team MAMK in action at Halton Research Center. Happy chairman professor Kai Siren, and sponsors Hannu Sipilä, SULVI and Ilkka Salo, FAMBSI ready for price ceremony.
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=7">Scanvac Sida 7 SCANVAC 2/20087 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID</a> DYNAMICS in Ventilation Design is a new title in the REHVA guidebook series. The guidebook is written for people who need to use and discuss results based on CFD predictions, and it gives insight into the subject for those who are not used to work with CFD. The guidebook is also written for people working with CFD which have to be more aware of how this numerical method is applied in the area of ventilation. The guidebook has, for example, chapters that are very important for CFD quality control in general and for the quality control of ventila- tion related problems in particular. A large number of CFD predictions are made nowadays, and it is often difficult to judge the quality level of these predictions. The guidebook introduces rules for good quality prediction work, and it is the purpose of the guidebook to improve the technical level of CFD work in ventilation. The book contains the following main chapters: w Mathematical background w Turbulence models w Numerical methods w Boundary conditions w Quality control w CFD combined with other prediction models w Application of CFD codes in building design w Case studies w Benchmark tests The chapters Mathematical background and Turbulence models give a short introduction to the theory behind the methods used in CFD modelling. The fundamental transport equa- tions are discussed with emphasis on ventila- tion applications, and descriptions are given for two-dimensional geometry to simplify the concepts. A user of CFD predictions must have some knowledge of fluid mechanics. It is important to understand conditions such as: laminar flow, turbulent flow, steady flow, time dependent flow, etc. both in connection with CFD and also with measurements in rooms for validating the predictions. The two chapters give some insight into all of these conditions. The turbulence model is specially an im- portant aspect of CFD. It is obvious that room air flow will be turbulent because of geometry and practical velocity levels, but it will not always be a fully developed turbulent flow. Some of the widely used models are discussed such as the k-
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=8">Scanvac Sida 8 SCANVAC 2/2008 8 Building Services </a> Com- panies Seek Co-operation with Helsinki University of Technology THE INSTITUTE OF Building Services Technology was established through the collaboration of companies operating in the industry. Companies supporting the start- up of the operations and financial feasibility included Ensto, FläktWoods, Halton, Oras, Schneider Electric Finland, Uponor and YIT. The Institute, established in the Department of Structural Engineering and Building Technology in the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture at Hel- sinki University of Technology (HUT), has now been in operation for about ten months, led by Director Heikki Lamminaho. The operational goals and guidelines are decided by the Board, consisting of representatives of companies and representatives nominated by the HUT departments committed to the operations of the Institute. The crucial focus areas in 2008 will be en- ergy efficiency, renovation and digital technology. With the operations now starting, the task of the Institute is to ask end-customers, participating companies and HUT departments to submit their views on things which will be delved into in needs-based research and subsequently in joint development projects based upon the results of the research conducted. Th- rough customer orientation, the develop- ment of the innovation process and focused inter-company collaboration products will be developed and the users of buildings and premises will be offered new electromechanical engineering solutions and value-added ser- vices which improve their business potential. A highly important goal is to increase research and effective development in order to raise the energy efficiency of buildings. With increased renovation, this translates into savings in the energy con- sumption of all properties and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in energy production. The needs-based operational goals for all projects are determined by the Institute through project structuring. An important role here is played by the advisory board. Representatives for the advisory board are invited from all companies and public bodies that have signed an agreement and committed to five-year collaboration and support. When the topic is significant for the building services sector, the planning of a research programme is started. This involves the specification of the goal, the planning of competent resources and people in charge as well as the mapping of potential parties and companies engaging in financing and other activities. The responsibility for implemen- ting the project is defined in the plan, and the Institute uses management team work to support the active participation of com- panies in particular. The technical systems in building services technology as well as equipment service and maintenance will require more compe- tence in the future. Also, new solutions in new building and renovation require those planning and implementing the solutions to have a wider all-round understanding and branch knowledge. The Institute is willing to contribute to the content of education and training at all levels and also to help in providing information on the needs of the building services industry and on the trends in the existing and needed number of competent professionals. International collaboration plays an important role in all the operations of the Institute. We wish to enhance it at all levels and therefore look for- ward to next summer and the hiring of a new Professor in Building Services Technology in the Department of Structural Engineering and Building Technology. Heikki Lamminaho INSTITUTE OF BUILDING SERVICES TECHNOLOGY
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=9">Scanvac Sida 9 Doctorate Thesis ABSTRACT The main </a> objectives of this thesis have been to evaluate how, under which premises, and to what extent building thermal mass can contribute to reduce the net energy demand in office buildings. The thesis also assesses the potential thermal environmental benefits of utilizing thermal mass in office buildings, i.e. reduction of temperature peaks, reduction of temperature swings, and the reduction in the number of hours with excessive operative temperatures. This has been done by literature searches, and experimental and analytical assessments. This thesis mainly concerns office buildings in the Norwegian climate. However, the methods used and the results obtained from this work are transferable to other countries with similar climates and building codes. The total energy use for the operation of the Norwegian building stock is ap- proximately 82 TWh in a normal year, or about 38 % of the national onshore energy use. No other sector has experienced a larger growth in the energy use in the past 30 years. As a consequence of the Norwegian decision to join the European Economic Area, Norway was obliged to implement the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in its national laws and regulations. The Norwegian building codes were at the time also undergoing a revision, and the EPBD became to some extent a guiding principle for the new regulations and guidelines. While the former regulations only concerned the heating energy demand in a building, the new regulations incorporate all the energy needed to operate the building. The new regulations are based on the net energy demand per year, i.e. the efficiencies of the energy systems are not taken into account. In addition, the self-generated renewable energy, e.g. electricity from PV-panels, use of solar collectors is not rewarded. However, passive measures that reduce the net energy demand contribute to satisfy the requirements. This has led to renewed interest in utilizing passive measures to satisfy the regulations and decrease the total energy use in buildings. In this study, it is assessed how and to which extent building thermal mass can contribute to reduce the net energy demand and improve the thermal environment in office buildings. The thesis comprises a review of existing literature in the field, a parametric study employing an advanced simulation model in ESP-r, and an experimental field study on a modern office building in operation. Within the limitations of this thesis and based on the findings from all parts and papers this thesis comprises, it is shown that utilization of thermal mass in office buildings reduces the daytime peak temperature, reduces the diurnal temperature swing, decreases the number of hours with excessive temperatures, and increases the ability of a space to handle daytime heat loads. Exposed thermal mass also contributes to decrease the net cooling demand in buildings. The quantity of the achievements is dependent on the amount of exposed thermal mass, night ventilation strategy, and airflow rates. In ad- dition, parameters such as set-point temperatures, control ranges, occupancy patterns, daytime ventilation airflow rates, and prevailing convection regimes are influential for the achieved result. The importance of these parameters are quantified and discussed. In contrast to some studies referred to in the literature, this study shows that thermal mass only has a minor influence on the total heating demand in office buildings. Although heavy buildings may utilize excessive heat during working hours to decrease the heating demand outside working hours, buildings with high heating capacity lose some of its energy saving potential by night tempera- ture set-back compared to buildings with lower heating capacity. Consequently, it can be concluded that thermal mass contributes to; 1) fulfil the net energy frame for office buildings, 2) eliminate the need for space cooling, and 3) improve the thermal climate, thus increase working performance in office buildings without the need for energy intensive and expensive technical installations. ABSTRACT The modern design of office buildings shows a tendency to increase the window share per facade to be more impressive with grand visibility and well daylit rooms. An increased window share results in general in increased use of energy and costs for cooling, but these disadvantages can be reduced considering a more careful design. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the influence of window design and room layout on cooling demand and daylight availability in office buildings in Northern Europe. The study is based on a literature survey, measurements in a couple of buildings and design calculations for two dif- ferent room types, together with measurements on two room models in a daylight laboratory. The field monitoring show considerable cooling demands as a result of the room and window design. Calculations show the influence of window design parameters on the cooling demand. The daylight me- asurements show the influence of window design parameters on the availability for daylight, as well as the risk for glare due to direct solar radiation. The two studies have then been combined to show the possibilities for daylight in relation to cooling demand for different window orientations. The result is that, in most cases, it is possible to find a combination of window share and window solar factor that is feasible from a cooling, as well as a daylight point of view. The design calculations show that designs with large window shares (> 60%) and a high window solar factor (0.7) can result in extreme cooling loads. The daylight measurements show on the other hand that a moderate window share and a moderate solar factor are advantageous when it comes to the possibilities to use daylight and reduce the energy used for lighting. Here, the product of window share and solar factor is introduced as a guideline to find feasible designs. Rasmus Z. Høseggen Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Dynamic use of the building structure – energy performance and thermal environment Doctorate Thesis Hendrik Voll Building Services Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden Cooling Demand and Daylight in Commercial Buildings - The Inluence of Window Design SCANVAC 2/2008
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=10">Scanvac Sida 10 Doctorate Thesis ABSTRACT Building</a> s are becoming more complex systems with many elements, while building energy management system (BEMS) provide many data about the building systems. There are, howe- ver, many faults and issues in building performance, but there are legislative and cost-benefit forces induced by energy savings. Therefore, both BEMS and the computer-based tools have to be utilized more efficiently to improve building performance. This thesis presents techniques for improving building HVAC system performance in existing buildings generated using simulation-based tools and real data. Therefore, one of the aims has been to research the needs and possibilities to assess and improve building HVAC system performance. In addition, this thesis aims at an advanced utilization of BEMS and the provision of useful information to building operators using simulation tools. The practical background for the thesis was obtained though two surveys. The first survey was carried out with the aim to find the commissioning targets in Norwegian building facilities. In that way, an overview of the most typical buildings, HVAC equipment, and their related problems was obtained. An on- site survey was carried out on an example building, which was beneficial for introducing the building maintenance structure and the real hydronic heating system faults. Coupled simulation and optimization programs (Ener- gyPlus and GenOpt) were utilized for improving the building performances. These tools were used for improving the design and the control strategies in the HVAC systems. Buildings with a hydronic heating system were analyzed for the purpose of improving the design. Since there are issues in using the opti- mization tool, GenOpt, a few procedures for different practical problems have been suggested. The optimization results show that the choice of the optimization functions influences signifi- cantly the design parameters for the hydronic heating system. Since building construction and equipment characteristics are changing over time, there is a need to find new control stra- tegies which can meet the actual building demand. This problem has been also elaborated on by using EnergyPlus and GenOpt. The control strategies in two different HVAC systems were analy- zed, including the hydronic heating system and the ventilation system with the recovery wheel. The developed approach for the strategy optimization includes: involving the optimization variables and the objective function and developing information flow for handling the optimization process. The real data obtained from BEMS and the additional measurements have been utilized to explain faults in the hy- dronic heating system. To couple real data and the simple heat balance model, the procedure for the model calibration by use of an optimization algorithm has been developed. Using this model, three operating faults in the hydronic heating system have been elaborated. ABSTRACT This thesis theoretically and experimentally investigates different aspects of the application of CO2 in supermarket refrigeration. Theoretical analysis has been performed using computer si- mulation models developed to simulate CO2 indirect, NH3/ CO2 cascade, CO2 trans-critical and direct expansion (DX) R404A systems. The models supported the selection of the CO2 system solutions to be tested experimentally and facilitated the design of NH3/CO2 cascade and trans-critical systems test rigs. Performance evaluation and systems’ optimizations have also been carried out. In order to verify the findings of the theoretical analysis an experimental evaluation has been performed whereby a scaled- down medium size supermarket has been built in a laboratory environment. NH3/CO2 cascade and trans-critical systems have been tested and compared to a conventional R404A system instal- led in the same laboratory environment. Experimental findings have been compared to the computer simulation models. In supermarket refrigeration applications, safety is a major concern because of the large number of people that might be affected in the event of leakage. Therefore, a computer simula- tion model has been developed to perform calculations of the resulting concentration levels arising from different scenarios for leakage accidents in the supermarket. The model has been used to validate some of the risks associated with using CO2 in the application of supermarket refrigeration. Results of the experiments and the computer simulation models showed good agreement and suggest that the NH3/CO2 cascade system is a more efficient solution than the analyzed con- ventional ones for supermarket refrigeration. On the other hand, CO2 trans-critical solutions have efficiencies comparable to the conventional systems analyzed, with potential for improvements in the trans-critical systems. From a safety point of view, the analysis of the calculations’ results clearly shows that using CO2 in supermarket refrigeration does not create exceptional health risks for customers and workers in the shopping area. Studies conducted in this thesis prove that the CO2 systems investigated are efficient solutions for supermarket refrigera- tion. Natasa Djuric Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science & Technology Norwegian University of Science and Techno- logy, Norway Real-time supervision of building HVAC system performance Doctorate Thesis Samer Sawalha Department of Energy Technology, Royal Technical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Carbon Dioxide in Supermarket Refrigeration
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=11">Scanvac Sida 11 9 Scanvac Award 2008 to Gaute Flat</a> heim CIVIL ENGINEER GAUTE FLATHEIM received Scanvac Award 2008 during VVS-dagene in Lillestrøm, Norway. Scanvac president Per Rasmussen presented the award to Flatheim, who was awarded for his commitment in ventilation and indoor climate. Gaute Flatheim established his consulting engineering bureau in 1965, and the company developed into the largest of its kind in Norway, at that time it had 14 divisions and 142 employees. Gaute Flatheim has been very active internationally and was part of the initiation of ISIAQ in 1992. He has taken part in many task forces and has been a very active lecturer worldwide. Scanvac Award 2008: From left - Scanvac president Per Rasmussen, Marta Ros Karlsdottir, Professor Vojislav Novakovic, Gaute Flatheim, General secretary of Norvac Leif Amdahl with his wife Else. Awards Heat pump researcher awarded Best paper of the year PRIMAL FERNANDO, previous researcher at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, and his co-authors, have received an award for Best paper of the year in International Journal of Refrigeration. The article is based on Fernando’s doctoral thesis on propane in small heat pumps with particular focus on vaporisation and condensation in heat exchangers with small fluid volume and thin pipes. Big Property Award The fIrsT BIg ProPerTy AWArD, rewarding innovative thinking within the area of real estate, was given to students from Royal Technical Institute in Stockholm and University of Uppsala, Sweden. The first prize was given to Itai Danielski, Royal Technical Institute in Stockholm and Jonas Kunze, University of Uppsala. In their thesis ”Large variations in utilized energy with new buildings in Stockholm” they have made a critical examination of measurement methods and systems for energy efficient building. PROFESSOR PETER V. NIELSEN received Ole Fanger Award in Science at the Rehva (Federation of European Heating and Air Conditioning Association) General Assembly in Berlin earlier this year. Peter V. Nielsen receives the award for his research on air distribution buildings. He has contributed to the development of computer simulation of air distribution in buildings, developed empirical models and design methods for air distribution systems, usage of thermal mannequins for air quality measurements. He has also contributed with new ideas within the area of “personal ventilation”. Peter V. Nielsen receives Ole Fanger Award in Science
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=12">Scanvac Sida 12 Welcome to Effstock 2009! JUNE 14-</a> 17 2009 the 11th International Conference on Thermal Energy Storage; Effstock 2009 - Thermal Energy Storage for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability, will be held at Stockholm International Fairs in Stockholm, Sweden, under the patronage of H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf. Effstock 2009 gathers the world’s leading specialists, academic researchers, design professionals, manufacturers, environmental consultants, developers, utility personnel, engineers and architects within the field of energy effi- ciency through energy storage. This cost-effective and eco-friendly tech- nology will be demonstrated in existing applications as well as future developments at the conference. How will our buildings be efficiently heated and cooled in the coming years? How do we optimise utilisation of natural energy sources? How will we save the environment while saving money and increasing productivity? These are vital questions to us all. Government officials, politicians and exe- cutives will be present at Effstock 2009 to learn more about how Energy Storage is part of the answer. Effstock 2009 covers seasonal, diurnal, and short term storage technologies including; geothermal heat pumps systems and other underground thermal energy storage systems for heating and cooling commercial, industrial and institutional buildings, diurnal ice storage and other diurnal thermal storage systems; phase change materials for building and non building applications. The latest know-how is found at Effstock 2009. Don’t miss this opportunity. Official host organisation of Effstock 2009 is Swedvac, the Swedish Society of HVAC Engineers, celebrating its 100-Year Anniversary in 2009. The conference Gala Dinner will be held in the magnificent Blue Hall of the Stockholm City Hall. Welcome! Bengt-Göran Jarefors General Secretary of Swedvac
<a href="/v5/viewer/files/Default_s.aspx?gKey=2mb3b903&gInitPage=13">Scanvac Sida 13 9 Latvia LATVAC The Latvian Societ</a> y of HVAC Engineers President: Egils Dzelzitis SGUTIS/AHGWTEL, Vagonu ula 20, LV-1009 Riga, Latvia Tel: +371 7 50 66 50 Fax: +371 9 20 55 85 E-mail: egils.dz@latipa.apollo.lv Lithuania LITVAC The Lithuanian Society of HVAC Engineers President: Stasys Sinkunas LITES-Lithuanian, Thermotechnical Engineering Society Donelaicio st. 20-227, LT-3000 Kaunas Tel: +370 7 300 436 Fax: +370 7 321 449 E-mail: lites@mf.ktu.lt Norway NORVAC The Norwegian Society of HVAC Engineers Founded in 1924 Number of Members 3500 President: Leif Sverre Boland Kjølberggata 31, inng. Brinken, P.O.B 2843, Tøyen, N-0608 Oslo, Norway Tel: +47 22 70 83 00 Fax: +47 22 70 83 02 E-mail: vvs@vvs-foreningen.no www.vvs-foreningen.no Sweden SWEDVAC The Swedish Society of HVAC Engineers Founded in 1909 Number of Members 7100 President: Östen Innala Vasagatan 52, SE-111 20 Stockholm, Sweden Tel: +46 8 791 66 80 Fax: +46 8 660 39 44 E-mail: info@siki.se www.siki.se Denmark DANVAK The Danish Society of HVAC Engineers Founded in 1945 Number of Members 2500 President: Jørn Simonsen Lautrupvang 1B, DK 2750 Ballerup, Denmark Tel: +45 36 36 90 60 Fax: +45 36 70 20 71 E-mail: info@danvak.dk www.danvak.dk Finland FINVAC The Finnish Society of HVAC Engineers Founded in 1930 Number of Members 6000 President: Olli Seppänen Sitratori 5, FIN-00420 Helsinki Tel: +358 9 56 60 090 Fax: +358 9 56 60 0956 E-mail: sulvi@suomenlvi-liitto.fi www.finvac.org Iceland ICEVAC The Icelandic Society of HVAC Engineers Founded in 1986 Number of Members 400 President: Björn Karlsson Ystibær 11, IS-110 Reykjavik, Iceland Tel: +354 587 06 60 Fax: +354 587 41 62 E-mail: lafi@simnet.is www.lafi.is Estonia ESTVAC The Estonian Society of HVAC Engineers,EKVü Founded in 1991 Number of members 130 President: Teet Tark Rävala pst. 8-B211, 101 43 Talinn, Estonia Tel: +372 6604 524 E-mail: ekvy@hot.ee www.hot.ee/ekvy BALTVAC HVAC Calendar SCANVAC Scandinavia l Cold Climate HVAC. Sisimut, Green- land, 16-19 March 2009. More info: www.danvak.dk l Effstock 2009 – Energy Efficiency and Sustainability through Energy Storage - 11th International Conference on Ther- mal Energy Storage. Stockholm, Sweden, 14-17 June 2009. More info: www.effstock2009.com World l ISH Messe Frankfurt 2009. Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 10-14 March 2009. More info: www.ish-messe-frankfurt.com l Roomvent 2009. Busan, Korea, May 24-27 2009. More info: www.roomvent2009.org l Clima 2010. Antalya, Turkey, May 2010. Main, Germany, 10-14 March 2009. More info: www.ish-messe-frankfurt.com Next stop for material Deadline 1 april
